[{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.al-riso.cz\/nejobavanejsi-onemocneni\/#Article","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/www.al-riso.cz\/nejobavanejsi-onemocneni\/","headline":"Nejob\u00e1van\u011bj\u0161\u00ed onemocn\u011bn\u00ed","name":"Nejob\u00e1van\u011bj\u0161\u00ed onemocn\u011bn\u00ed","description":"Virus HIV je jedn\u00edm z\u00a0nejob\u00e1van\u011bj\u0161\u00edch. Tento virus pat\u0159\u00ed mezi retroviry, co\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee obsahuje reverzn\u00ed transkript\u00e1zu. HIV obsahuje RNA a n\u011bkolik obal\u016f. D\u00edky glykoprotein\u016fm na povrchu se um\u00ed dostat do bun\u011bk jako jsou lymfocyty nebo i do bun\u011bk v\u00a0mozku, do gli\u00ed. Obecn\u00e9 pravidlo o tom, \u017ee obalen\u00e9 viry jsou ve vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00ed m\u00e9n\u011b st\u00e1l\u00e9, plat\u00ed […]","datePublished":"2022-10-02","dateModified":"2023-05-04","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.al-riso.cz\/author\/#Person","name":"","url":"https:\/\/www.al-riso.cz\/author\/","identifier":1,"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/4e6a74466e4227c12d5306875d08720cdfce3572213740db6f4a2e5e46e710ff?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/4e6a74466e4227c12d5306875d08720cdfce3572213740db6f4a2e5e46e710ff?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"al-riso.cz","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"\/logo.png","url":"\/logo.png","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/www.al-riso.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/chemistry-gbba4bac23_640.jpg","url":"https:\/\/www.al-riso.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/chemistry-gbba4bac23_640.jpg","height":0,"width":0},"url":"https:\/\/www.al-riso.cz\/nejobavanejsi-onemocneni\/","about":["Vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed\r"],"wordCount":389,"articleBody":"Virus HIV je jedn\u00edm z\u00a0nejob\u00e1van\u011bj\u0161\u00edch. Tento virus pat\u0159\u00ed mezi retroviry, co\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee obsahuje reverzn\u00ed transkript\u00e1zu. HIV obsahuje RNA a n\u011bkolik obal\u016f. D\u00edky glykoprotein\u016fm na povrchu se um\u00ed dostat do bun\u011bk jako jsou lymfocyty nebo i do bun\u011bk v\u00a0mozku, do gli\u00ed. Obecn\u00e9 pravidlo o tom, \u017ee obalen\u00e9 viry jsou ve vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00ed m\u00e9n\u011b st\u00e1l\u00e9, plat\u00ed i u HIV. Proto se tak\u00e9 tento virus nem\u016f\u017ee \u0161\u00ed\u0159it jinak ne\u017e p\u0159i pohlavn\u00edm styku, krv\u00ed anebo z\u00a0nemocn\u00e9 matky na d\u00edt\u011b. Zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 je, \u017ee l\u00edb\u00e1n\u00edm se tento virus p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161\u00ed minim\u00e1ln\u011b. Ve slin\u00e1ch se toti\u017e nach\u00e1z\u00ed l\u00e1tka, kter\u00e1 funguje jako inaktiv\u00e1tor tohoto viru. Kdy\u017e se virus dostane do organismu, setk\u00e1 se ve sliznic\u00edch s\u00a0hostitelsk\u00fdmi bu\u0148kami. Kdy\u017e se do nich vet\u0159e, zbav\u00ed se sv\u00fdch obal\u016f. N\u00e1sledn\u011b za\u010dne pracovat reverzn\u00ed transkript\u00e1za, co\u017e je enzym, kter\u00fd RNA obsa\u017een\u00e9 ve viru p\u0159em\u011bn\u00ed do DNA. Toto ciz\u00ed DNA se pomoc\u00ed integr\u00e1zy zapoj\u00ed do DNA hostitelsk\u00e9 bu\u0148ky. V\u00a0tento moment se za\u010dne rozv\u00edjet onemocn\u011bn\u00ed naz\u00fdvan\u00e9 AIDS. T\u011bsn\u011b po infekci se rozv\u00edj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edznaky, kter\u00e9 p\u0159ipom\u00ednaj\u00ed infek\u010dn\u00ed mononukle\u00f3zu. V\u00a0tento moment si toti\u017e imunitn\u00ed syst\u00e9m v\u0161imne vet\u0159elce a za\u010dne proti n\u011bmu bojovat. T\u00edm, \u017ee se ale virus integroval do genomu norm\u00e1ln\u00edch bun\u011bk se ho nem\u016f\u017ee zbavit \u00fapln\u011b, a tak ho jen dostane pod kontrolu.B\u011bhem \u010dasu se ale produkuje dal\u0161\u00ed a dal\u0161\u00ed mno\u017estv\u00ed viru v\u00a0t\u011ble a nov\u00e9 viriony napadaj\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed a dal\u0161\u00ed lymfocyty. Jejich sni\u017euj\u00edc\u00ed se po\u010det se projev\u00ed jako zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e1 n\u00e1chylnost k\u00a0r\u016fzn\u00fdm infekc\u00edm. Oportunn\u00ed patogeny, tedy ty kter\u00e9 funguj\u00ed jako patogeny jen p\u0159i sn\u00ed\u017een\u00e9 funkci imunitn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu, za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00ed nad organismem p\u0159evl\u00e1dat. Smrt potom zp\u016fsob\u00ed pr\u00e1v\u011b n\u011bkter\u00e1 z\u00a0infekc\u00ed, kter\u00e1 by u zdrav\u00e9ho \u010dlov\u011bk prob\u011bhla \u00fapln\u011b ban\u00e1ln\u011b. Na tuto infekci nep\u016fsob\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 l\u00e9ky. I kdy\u017e v\u00a0dne\u0161n\u00ed dob\u011b funguje HAART, tedy vysoce \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e1 antivirov\u00e1 terapie, nemoc neum\u00edme \u00fapln\u011b vyl\u00e9\u010dit, pouze potla\u010dit.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        4\/5 - (12 votes)        "},{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Nejob\u00e1van\u011bj\u0161\u00ed onemocn\u011bn\u00ed","item":"https:\/\/www.al-riso.cz\/nejobavanejsi-onemocneni\/#breadcrumbitem"}]}]